Antigone A Greek Tragic Playwright - 1761 Words

Antigone is a Greek tragic playwright, set in a classical era of time. During this period, the city of Thebes is completely organized around strict gender roles and religion. There are also expectations that the citizens are expected to meet through abiding by the rules. In this regard, this essay will look at the playwright, on aspects touching on the issues of interest, the historical context, the insight gained among others. The situation of the two sisters: Antigone and Ismene, who are comforting each after losing their brothers in the same battle invokes a melancholic mood. It is a feeling of sadness following the demise of their brothers. They lack any form support from their friends or the state. The rites of their brother’s burial†¦show more content†¦The king demands him to find the culprit failure to which he faces death. War is used to defend the state; those who bring hate in the state are killed in broad daylight. In historical context, a greater understanding of the rationale behind Creon and Antigone’s actions can be gotten from a historical analysis of this period. The historical time was during the 441BC; it is the period in which two brothers goes into war but die while fighting. One of the brothers is viewed as a rebel bringing into conclusion that no burial rites should be performed. King Creon is a dictator hence showing the dangers of the absolute ruling at the time. Creon allowed few people to speak openly giving out their options without being biased. Antigone tries to defy Creon’s order by burying her brother. At this particular time, freedom of expression is limited hence the rule of law is not democratic. An Analysis of the Work Antigone is a courageous girl with high family values. Antigone attempts to convince her sister Ismene to assist her in burying their brother Polyneices. Ismene refuses due to fear for her life if she tried to defy the king`s order. Antigone remains focused on ensuring that her brother receives a proper burial no matter the consequences of her actions. Polyneices is considered a disgrace to the state since he led a siege to his state. The king declares that Polyneices remains should be left in the open, fed on by

Race Race And Race Essay - 1650 Words

Race has been a controversial topic for many years. Depending on your race it can be a blessing or a misfortune. According, to articles such as â€Å"Ten Things Everyone Should Know About Race† or â€Å"Race: Is It a Valid Issue?† they all come to the conclusion that race is a social construct because race cannot be determined by genetics or the color of the skin. There is no such thing as subspecies we are all human beings. Yet, for many years’ people of European ancestry (whites) have committed monstrous acts towards people of color. Whites enslaved people of color tearing countless families apart, and taking away liberties that every human being should possess. As the issue of race continues, many laws have been implemented as an attempt to mitigate white supremacy; however, alongside with each successful attempt, white supremacy continues prevailing. Background In 1537, thanks to the efforts of Bartolome de Las Casas, a Catholic priest, one of the first successful attempts towards equality was achieved (Manchaca CH.2). Pope Paul III declared Indians to be human beings able to own property and thus it was illegal to enslave Indians (Manchaca CH.2). However, as Indians gained their freedom Africans lost theirs. The importation of African slaves to Mexico began in 1527 and drastically increased between 1599 and 1637 (Manchaca CH.2). Spaniards were aware that they were enslaving human beings and therefore, compensated by giving them the right to marry the spouse of their choiceShow MoreRelatedRace And Race : Race3289 Words   |  14 Pages The problem with this concept is that people believe it to be a positive idea. However, it actually presents a damaging ideology – it suggests that race should not be a factor when trying to determine the type of person an individual is. I see it as an unsophisticated approach to view people becaus e race is a vital part of our existence. Race is an attribute that makes individuals differ from one another, and the problem is not the differences in the colors of our skin. The problem is that weRead MoreRace And Class, Race, And Race911 Words   |  4 PagesThis article discusses the thought and preconceived notions that race is the major determining factor of the health outcomes of persons living in Baltimore, an urban area. However, what was found is that the place matters. Furthermore, what I was able to understand in greater depth is that there are deeply rooted racial issues in the United States of America despite the legislation that has been passed to eliminate such issues. In addition, what I was able to dissipate was that the researchers wereRead MoreRace And Race : The Social Construction Of Race858 Words   |  4 PagesThe race is an indefinite term, which has not been created from science or research, but more so the idea of what it is. Essentially, race is all a bout perception. One person may separate races based on a certain category of traits while another person uses totally different guidelines to define what races there are. Race has ultimately been created socially, therefor has no biological components until people connect the two terms. This paper examines the connection between society and race whileRead MoreRace And Ethnicity : Race866 Words   |  4 Pages Race† is a complex word that has a variety of definitions, and one of the definitions in the dictionary lists it as a group of people that share a similar lifestyle, culture, tradition, history, etc. In reality, race itself is ambiguous and can be interpreted in many ways. The concept of race is largely complicated, yet it has seen a major impact in American society, sparking major outcries for many years. The textbook, Rethinking the Color Line: Readings in Race and Ethnicity, goes into substantialRead MoreThe Problem Of Race And Race921 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion of race. Race is a prevalent and influential part of our everyday life that surprisingly many do not even understand. What is race? For years race has been used as a tool in the subjugation of human populations on the perceived notion of biological superiorities. Race by definition is a population â€Å"that develops distinct characteristics differing from other populations of the same species†, while these variations may have social and cultural implications, genetic evidence suggests race has noRead MoreRace And Ethnicity And Race1434 Words   |  6 PagesZamarripa 1 Marcos Zamarripa Anthropology 9: Society and Culture October 27, 2015 Race and Ethnicity Ethnicity and race have been used in American society to the point where both words are indistinguishable from each other. Race is a social construct (Throop, Lecture, 10/8/2015). Race is a social construct because race is used to differentiate the different ethnic groups from each other. Race should not be used to separate the different ethnic groups. In American society, it is evident thatRead MoreRace And Gender And Race1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe idea of race and gender is an idea that has been socially constructed. Society has created roles for race and gender, they are determined by what society thinks is appropriate for the gender or race. Some people argue that certain behavior roles are based on gender where as others may believe that it is based on race. I will first discuss how in today’s society we promote to stop racism yet it is still happening everyday, and people are just blind to see it. Creating a role for race is racism,Read MoreRace, Racial, And Rac e Relations1494 Words   |  6 PagesEvery individual has a particular definition of race and a distinct view of race relations in America today, because every individual’s reality is different and therefore their perception is different as well. With that in mind, it becomes clear that the best way to understand race relations better is to understand what another person’s thoughts are on the matter. This interview paper sheds light onto another’s understanding and thoughts regarding race relations in America. I can not sate the trueRead MoreThe Differences Between Race And Race869 Words   |  4 PagesOver time, humans’ understanding of race has evolved dramatically. Now, human race relations in the civilized world serve as a key issue for politicians, news outlets and sociologists. In particular, anthropologists hold to a very particular definition of race, essentially stating that race exists only as a sort of construct that humans create in order to classify each other and make assumptions based upon these classifications. In many ways, this assertion holds merit. For instance, recent scientificRead MoreRace Theory Of Race And Racism845 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of race and racism have been used by sociologists to not only describe modern societies but also address issues of social injustice and achieve an end to racial oppression. Critical race theory is one of the most widely used for this purpose and provides the structure employed by Dwanna Robertson in her analysis of racism against Native Americans and the consequences they have experienced as a result. She uses the term legitimized racism to discuss the racialization of American Indians.

Social Media Marketing Of CBA Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social Media Marketing Of CBA. Answer: Introduction Active social media presence is significant for now in all types of businesses. Social media networks provide an advantage to drive the target audiences of the organisations. Moreover, using social media networks for business can boost the website's SEO (Search Engine Optimisation). For a bank, through social media marketing, it can improve to have a higher conversation to customers, to increase the traffic and to develop bank loyalty. The aim of the report is to highlight the social media presence and social media marketing techniques of Commonwealth Bank of Australia. In the first section, the social media presence and audience profiles will be explained. In the later section, social media marketing strategies will be described with current statistics. Moreover, ethics, security and privacy policies of social media will also be analysed in the final section. Overview of the organisation Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA) is a public bank of Australia and it is a multinational bank. This bank has branches across United States, Fiji, New Zealand, the UK and other Asian Countries. Headquarter of the bank is situated in Sydney, Australia. CBA has more than 1100 branches across the world and was established in the year 1911 as a government bank. Then, in the year 1991, this bank became public company. CBA works in retail banking services, institutional banking and markets, business and private banking and wealth management (Commbank.com.au, 2017). Moreover, CBA offers finance and insurance, corporate banking, consumer banking, private equity, investment management, mortgages and credit cards facilities to the consumers. In the last year 2016, the revenue of the bank was AUD 24.58 billion. This is the largest company in Australia that is listed on Australia Securities Exchange. In addition, Commonwealth Bank Australia wants to have high conversion rates, good marketing ROI, and increase website traffics through social media marketing. Social media presence of Commonwealth Bank of Australia Now, the most of the people are getting tech-savvy and in case of Australia, maximum people are using social media. It is very much easy now to reach the people through social media network and it is cost effective. Through social media, CBA got unexpected growth in Australia and in the Asian countries. CBA has its own website and in this website, the customer can find links through which they can join CBA's social media pages. Customers can join Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Snapchat, Google+ and You Tube. Commonwealth Bank Australia loves to hear from customers and the organisation gives plenty of chances to the customers to stay in touch (Commbank.com.au, 2017). In case of Facebook, CBA has currently more than 739,900 likes and more than 5,500 Facebook users visited the Facebook page of CBA. As it is finance based company, the organisation wants to reach people and teach people about financial literacy and services and products they offer. Most interestingly, CBA reached 100,000 Facebook users within one year of launching their Facebook page. CBA's customer service team try to respond each of the queries in real-time basis posted on the Facebook page or in the inbox. This has enabled the traditional customer service provision of the over-the-counter policy. In case of Twitter, CBA has its account named #CommBank and they have been active on Twitter since May 2008. On the Twitter, this bank has more than 80.7K followers and the organisation twitted 36.7K. The organisation follows more than 4K through twitters. Most importantly, the management has decided to be active on Twitter like Facebook in order to engage more users and market the services and products. In addition, in case of LinkedIn, CBA has its presence and users can find them using the catch word Commonwealth Bank on LinkedIn for career opportunities and like to access industry experts for any queries. In Instagram, it is the latest sensation for the digital age and most of the young generation use this social media for posting images and videos. CBA has been using this social media network since its beginning. The users can find CBA using @CommBank. This bank posted more than 700 posts and has followers of 13.K. The funny images, creative GIFs and relevant videos make this social media page attractive for users. Moreover, this bank has You Tube channel and customers can subscribe these channels. CBA has two You Tube channels for the users, CommBank Business Channel and CommBank Channel for spreading the knowledge of financial tools, tutorials and tips to invest money in the bank. Additionally, in Snapchat, users can find CBA by using key words CommBankSnaps. Here, the customers can find the relevant news of company, community, legal and business aspects of the organisation. Lastly, in Google+, the customers can find CBA by using CommBank and CBA posts images and news of services and products through Google+ for the users. Social media audience of Commonwealth Bank of Australia Purpose of social media marketing is to reach the target audiences and increase the customer base of the organisation for a bank (Tuten Solomon, 2014). Social media marketing falls under internal marketing strategy of the organisation and the overall objectives remain same. The target audiences of a bank are to grab the future customers of the organisation. CBA post various images, discount offers, financial news and videos in order to reach the customers and the users of social networks may get interested for being a part of CBA. CBA joined social media to target specific demographics or psychographic segmentation of the customers. They use the strategy to ask the users to comment on posts and they personalise the business. In this case, Facebook creates a part of banking and its social media strategy is to create a community to interact the customers through online. The target audiences are customers of the CBA bank make them loyal to the bank in any kind of investments. Moreover, the audiences of CBA in social media are new start-up ventures people to generate funding. The target of CBA in social media can be investors who want to invest in business in the banking sectors. The common people are the target audience and number of these audiences is bigger than others. The users may want to know about private equity, mortgage and interest rate, the customer service team are there to solve the issues when these are posted on social media pages. 56% of the social media users log into social media pages more than 5 times a day and 84% of the Australian adults access the internet on daily basis (Sensei.com, 2017). Facebook Instagram Snapchat Twitter LinkedIn Google+ 93% 45% 40% 32% 17% 10% Table: Daily use of social network (Source: Cio.com.au, 2017) The CEO of CBA demanded that the strategy of CBA is to build bridges between customers and banking services through social media networks, not to just make an echo-chamber. In case of CBA, the customer engages rate through social media extends to 20% last year (Smartcompany.com.au, 2017). CBA is one of the top most banks in the world who have customers to use online banking services. More than 1.75 million Australians use NetBank in each day. In order to reach customers, CBA uses mainly content strategies that attract the customers. Social media marketing of Commonwealth Bank of Australia Social media presence of a bank gives opportunities to create the meaningful connection to the users and customers. The marketing through social media helps to lure desirable consumers that must support the organisational goals. The management of bank tracks the ROI in social media marketing as well. Social Media marketing of Commonwealth Bank Australia is based on mainly content marketing strategy. They generally use attractive contents in order to engage maximum users on social media pages. Promoting a service or product of CBA, they use mainly content marketing strategy to create connections on social media pages. 44% of the social media users like to read engaging contents on social media if they are beneficial for them (Ashley Tuten, 2015). CBA tries to being personal in content marketing and asks the customers to share likes and comment on the posts. In last Ashes series, when Australia whitewashed England, CBA used impressing content marketing through social media. CBA made short videos on cricketers caricatures and they used mimicked voices to it (Scott, 2015). Content marketing of Commonwealth Bank Australia pushed the target markets through this and that can share the knowledge of the users through social media. This content strategy on social media pages like Facebook, Twitter and CBA used this subtle way that could inform the potential customers to engage on their posts. In addition, CBA uses CSR techniques through social media marketing and they use the tactic of Community Seeds. They ask the customers to generate $125,000 for the six different communities through Facebook in order to develop the community life (Dwivedi, Kapoor Chen, 2015). Through Facebook, the organisation started a campaign in opening savings account for all. CBA uses the strategy to give way gifts for the winners of any competition. CBA distributed EM I music voucher, movie voucher and gift coupons for the customers. CBA used the strategy of Time Vault, through which the users of Facebook needed to give the right answers about companys history posted on Facebook page each day. Ethics, privacy and security of social media Everything that an individual does online is getting public and one cannot delete' this forever. An organisation must know about the consequences of taking any action through social media. Privacy of the customers or any users should not be penetrated through social media. Commonwealth Bank shared their ideas that they never posted any distort news or any images that can hurt the sentiment of any particular class and people. In recent time, Commonwealth Bank faced the issue of ethics when in two pages of employment policy, they wrote about employees' responsibility on posting on social media pages about CBA (Lovelock Patterson, 2015). CBA declared that no employees can post anything negative about CBA on social media. However, legal experts fired back as they say that no organisation can ever interfere with someone's personal expression. Moreover, inappropriate images and news about CBA on social media pages can harm the brand loyalty of the bank and it may also pose marketing of cu stomer expectation. CBA has customer support team to solve the issue when it is posted on social media before it is getting viral. CBA does not do unsupported endorsement and compromise about consumer privacy. When CBA uses to collect consumer behaviour data, they do not compromise with privacy (Gordon et al. 2016). In case of security, CBA claims that they never steal the identity of the users and share personal information of any users on social media pages. Any kind of personal discussion is done through personal inbox and not in comment section publicly. Any kind of hacking and spamming of email are not entertained by the IT cell of the CBA (Hyder, 2016). CBA does not share any URL on social media pages that can be vulnerable to the customers. CBA itself uses link scanner to be secure. Social media technologies Business organisations are no longer use social media for only communication purposes, however, social media analytics are now capturing in the industry, especially in the financial sector to analyse the data. Most of the organisations trying to capture competitive advantage through social media marketing. Content strategy, sharing link or optimising the SEO, these strategies can be evaluated through social media analytical tools (Chang, Yu Lu, 2015). Financial Technology (FinTech) is one such tool that can be used to gather financial information on social media pages. Woolworths, the largest retail of Australia takes help from Socialbakers analytical tools to analyse the engagement of the customers on social media pages (Smartcompany.com.au, 2017). However, Commonwealth Bank Australia does not use any social media technology to analyse their social media performance. CBA just uses social media pages like Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, You Tube and all. Buffer is a tool that makes a s chedule for posting contents on social media pages according to customer engagement. Buffer analyses that most numbers of Facebook users become online on Friday. In addition, Agora Pulse is an interesting analytical tool that helps the professionals to posts on three social media at a time. Conclusions In recent days, social media is taken as best tool in order to connect with customers of the organisation. With consistent updating of the services and products on social media can help to increase the market share and customer base. It is observed that CBA uses traditional social media strategy of content marketing. However, social media presence of CBA is strong and they have customer service department in order to give replies to social media queries. The social media marketing of CBA boosts the advertisement of this bank as it is cost effective. CIO of CBA, Michael Hate opined that they provide real time posts on social media. On the contrary, it is observed that the organisation has been facing challenges in the analysis of social media performance as they do not have social media analytics and social media analytical tools within the organisation. Recommendations Setting up chat times: It is needed for CBA to connect the customers at personal level and setting up chat time (on live) is very important. Customers and potential future customers have various questions regarding investment opportunities in CBA, if they can chat with customer support team over voices or through messages would be helpful. Giving thoughtful answers to the customers queries will definitely increase social media presence. Introduction of social media analytics: CBA must use social media analytical tool in their organisation and in order to continue using, CBA needs to hire skilled analytics. In order to gain a competitive edge, CBA can use these tools help to gauge the customers sentiment and monitor the performance of the organisation on social media platforms. Tie in blog posts: CBA posts short and relatively catchy contents on social media pages as people do not have enough time to read long contents. However, if a customer wants to know the financial benefits, financial services of CBA, blog posts would be perfect. Blog posts links can be shared on social media that will make more financial literate customers. References Ashley, C., Tuten, T. (2015). Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement.Psychology Marketing,32(1), 15-27. CBA in hot water over social media policy - SmartCompany. (2017).SmartCompany. Retrieved 6 September 2017, from https://www.smartcompany.com.au/startupsmart/advice/startupsmart-legal/cba-in-hot-water-over-social-media-policy/ Chang, Y. T., Yu, H., Lu, H. P. (2015). Persuasive messages, popularity cohesion, and message diffusion in social media marketing.Journal of Business Research,68(4), 777-782. Dwivedi, Y. K., Kapoor, K. K., Chen, H. (2015). Social media marketing and advertising.The Marketing Review,15(3), 289-309. Facebook, H. (2017).How to kick start your social media strategy Commonwealth Bank focusses on Facebook.CIO. Retrieved 6 September 2017, from https://www.cio.com.au/article/412478/how_kick_start_your_social_media_strategy_commonwealth_bank_focusses_facebook/ Gordon, R., Gordon, R., Zainuddin, N., Zainuddin, N., Magee, C., Magee, C. (2016). Unlocking the potential of branding in social marketing services: utilising brand personality and brand personality appeal.Journal of Services Marketing,30(1), 48-62. Hyder, S. (2016).The zen of social media marketing: An easier way to build credibility, generate buzz, and increase revenue. BenBella Books, Inc. Kasemsap, K. (2014). The role of social media in the knowledge-based organizations.Integrating social media into business practice, applications, management, and models, 2(1), 254-275. Lovelock, C., Patterson, P. (2015).Services marketing. Sydney: Pearson Australia. Scott, D. M. (2015).The new rules of marketing and PR: How to use social media, online video, mobile applications, blogs, news releases, and viral marketing to reach buyers directly. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Sensei.com.au (2017). Retrieved 6 September 2017, from https://www.sensis.com.au/asset/PDFdirectory/Sensis_Social_Media_Report_2017-Chapter-1.pdf Stay in touch with us on Social - CommBank. (2017).Commbank.com.au. Retrieved 6 September 2017, from https://www.commbank.com.au/personal/support/social-networks.html Tuten, T. L., Solomon, M. R. (2014).Social media marketing. London: Sage.

New Product Development (NDP)

Introduction Products act as the main source of monetary benefits that organisation organisations enjoy upon availing them to willing clients. An organisation may decide to increase its sales returns by colonising new markets. Due to differences in the needs of the target consumers in different markets, it may be compelled to either improve or develop completely new products to suit a market (Kim Wilemon, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on New Product Development (NDP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This strategy is perhaps largely workable for Google when it chose to enter the Chinese market. Considering that the goal of new product development (NPD) entails coming up with products that succeed in a target market, using the case of Google China, this paper investigates the processes of developing such commodities. Purpose This paper discusses new product development at Google China. The discussion borrow s from various theoretical frameworks for developing new products in organisations. The paper also conducts interviews on customers and company employees about the reception of Google China’s new products with the aim of developing an understanding on the effectiveness of NPD practices of the company. Background First led by Kai-Fu Lee, Google China began as a subsidiary of Google Company in 2005. It ranks the third position in the Chinese market after Soso and the Baidu. Carsten (2013) informs how it controlled a market size of about 338 million people in 2009. Over the years, the company has been struggling to expand its market. However, it has encountered immense challenges akin to the various legal regulations on search engines in China’s mainland. In 2010, Google searches were prohibited for some time in China’s mainland. Mobile searches and others yielded DNS errors (Carsten, 2013). Hong Kong does not censor search results for various search engines. Googl e China found it the most appropriate location from where to control the sharing of networking and information resources across the internet with Google customers who are located in the China. Marketing successful Google products elsewhere across the globe in the Chinese market is incredibly difficult because of censorship and other regulations on information sharing. The company endeavours to search new products that fit the Chinese search marketplace.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, it presumes that the software for android Smartphones has a high potential to succeed in the Chinese market. Google had controlled 29 percent of the total search market in China by 2010. However, this trend declined by 24 percent over 2012 before settling at 1.7 at the close of 2013 (Carsten, 2013). This poor performance attracted the necessity for the development of new products that suit the Chinese market. This case has been given priority if Google China has to operate in the market with success in the future. Scope New product development comprises all approaches that are applied to avail new products in all markets where an organisation’s operations are established. These strategies include idea development, design of the products, its engineering, marketing research, and promotion analysis. The scope of this paper is limited to product design, idea development, and engineering. The other two aspects (marketing analysis and research) focus on ensuring acceptance and performance of the products in the marketplace. Methodology This research uses both primary and secondary resources. Direct online interviews, which are conducted on employees and customers of Google China, are the sources of primary data. The interview questions are designed to eliminate ambiguity. This situation enhances clarity so that interviewees can respond accurately. The int erviews (as shown in appendix 1 and appendix 2) focus on determining the reception of Google products, which the Chinese people search consumers. The questions also target at determining the implication of censorship upon the consumption of the product. This information may provide an opportunity for benchmarking or reverse engineering in the development of new products that suit the Chinese consumers. A sample of 20 people (customers and Google China employees) was interviewed. Primary data is important in helping develop thumbnails for products that are likely to succeed in the Chinese market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on New Product Development (NDP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the development of the actual products requires the deployment of an appropriate NPD conceptual model. Therefore, a wide range of secondary data on frameworks of NPD becomes important. The most appropriate framework i s then selected for analysis of Google China’s NPD processes. Assumptions The models deployed in the discussion of NPD are borrowed from secondary resources. Such models are developed for application in general organisations without considering specific needs in some markets. This research assumes that upon generation of ideas that measure up to the needs of the Chinese market, Goggle China can follow such models to create products that will succeed in the Chinese marketplace. The research also assumes that no other recent or better NPD models exist in unpublished scholarly works and/or stored in a form that is inaccessible through online libraries. Limitations Using online interviews to collect data in a nation where there is regulation of freedom of expression through online media is one of the major limitations of this research. Fear among the interviewees on the purpose or use of the information that is sought from them may increase their reluctance to participate in the interviews. This situation has the implication of lowering the accuracy and reliability of the research findings and the offered recommendations. The approaches deployed by Google in NPD may also differ from those applied by other organisations. Thus, the process of generalising and applying the recommended NPD processes in other organisations is another limitation of the research. Frameworks Sequential Model The sequential model depicts the process that leads to the development of new products. It comprises a number of sequentially organised steps (Smith Reinertsen, 1998). Application to the Organisation Sequential model in figure 1 shows that NPD initiates with the development of the concept or a product idea before examination of the feasibility of the products. This case makes the model highly applicable in Google China since the challenge of developing new products that meet the needs of the China’s search market requires compliance with China’s rules and regulat ions.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The feasibility of the product must be evaluated in the context of legal and regulatory environment so that a failure to pass the feasibility test calls for a re-examination of the concept before any other effort to develop the product further. Aspects such as the quality of the product and its capacity to satisfy of customer needs are also accomplished at the feasibility stage (Smith Reinertsen, 1998). In fact, at Google China, organisational resources can be wasted if software and applications developers initiate NPD process without total assurance of the likelihood of acceptance of the new product as it progresses in each stage of development. Overlapping Model The overlapping model approaches NPD process through the interactions of various professionals and work teams from the beginning to the end. Rather than operating through specialised stages, contribution of all players in the development process ensures attention to varying ideas since the development process takes place (Ulrich Eppinger, 2004). Under the model, each of the stages of NPD initiates before the end of the preceding stage (Ulrich Eppinger, 2004). Additionally, new product developers at one stage pre-visit the previous stage in an attempt to incorporate various changes to eliminate cascading bugs in the current stage from the previous stage as illustrated in figure 2 below. Figure 2: Overlapping Model in Product Development Source: (Ulrich Eppinger, 2004) Application to the Organisation While developing new Google China’s products, several variables may influence the success or failure of the overall development process. While implementing a phase in the NPD process, it important to consider the necessary changes in the previous phases in an effort to incorporate them in the second phase to increase the probability of success of later phases. For instance, it is important to evaluate a phase in the context of the likely omissions of legal requirements as they apply in Chinaâ⠂¬â„¢s search industry. Innovation Value Chain Framework Source: (Hansen Birkinshaw, 2007) Projected by Hansen and Birkinshaw (2007), the innovation value chain scheme presents four chronological stages, namely creation of thoughts, selection of the appropriate idea, transformation, and idea execution. The model provides an in-depth examination of an organisation’s efficacy through KPI constraints for gauging production capacity. The framework may be fruitful at Google China since it can be tailored to diverse production stages within the company Application to the Organisation The usability of the value chain framework to different sectors within Google China makes it feasible to gauge the circulation of various production strategies across many systems while at the same time weighing production at different departments that make the company. The framework can come in handy while determining production at Google China by enlightening its expenditure in IP security and/or i n structuring its status to advance its production volume. High-Tech model Google China operates in a technology intensive industry. This environment underlines the necessity for considering NPD models that are applicable to such an industry. Cooper and Edgett (2010) assert that high-tech organisations need to establish NPD models that incorporate their business objectives and specific goals. They suggested an NPD model that concentrates on these aspects. NPD comprises various stages, namely thought formation, plan selection, model testing and expansion, industry scrutiny, beta testing, bazaar investigation, methodological execution, commercialisation, and pricing of the new product (Cooper Edgett, 2010). However, the plan deviates from the sequential and overlapping models. It features a special concept, namely strategic arena, which only applies in high technology organisations (Cooper Edgett, 2010). This aspect refers to the particular business-oriented bazaar, trade, applicati ons, merchandise category, technology, or simply efforts that are concentrated on a new product (ZemlickienÄâ€", 2011). The model also highlights the importance of the use of strategic maps in the NPD process. Application to the Organisation Strategic maps help in assessing the most effective and important strategic arena (ZemlickienÄâ€", 2011). This claim suggests that they offer mechanisms of evaluating and visualising the mechanisms of addressing various factors that influence the NPD process. For Google China, strategic maps provide a room for incorporation of environmental factors that control the company’s success in the Chinese search market. In this sense, the model provides mechanisms for ensuring the development of customised Google products that are likely to boost the organisation’s competitive advantage in the Chinese market. Diamond Production Framework The diamond framework, which makes part of Porter’s work that sought to address the issue of c ompetition disparities with reference to different products, has five key production elements, namely product upgrading and technology plan, idea-to-launch procedure administration, portfolio supervision, atmosphere, traditions, headship, and new product performance. Source: (Rugman D’Cruz, 1993) Application in the Organisation Using this framework, Google China can think about three foremost matters, i.e. the availability of a premeditated product arrangement to advance its production levels, configuration of the plan with the company’s approaches, and the existence of reputable systems for ensuring successful execution of business strategies Critical Analysis Gaps Identified The aim of approaching the problem of NPD in the context of a conceptual model that has various decision loops or algorithms is to ensure a reduction of bugs that result in failures of new products either in the development process or soon after completion of the entire process. Identifying gap s in the organisation’s approach to NPD can help conceptualise an alternative approach to NPD, which will lead to the development of new products that have a higher probability of success in the market (Ulrich Eppinger, 2004). Google China uses NPD plan based on the standardised NPD model deployed by its parent company across all other markets, notwithstanding special laws and regulations in the Chinese market. This gap may explain the reduced success of Google success in China between 2010 and 2013 as discussed before. Strengths Although different NPD models have their strengths and weaknesses, consideration of strengths and weakness of the organisation in any market, which prompts the development of a new product is incredibly important. Google China has a large resource base support from the parent company akin to its successful global operations (Carsten, 2013). The resources can be utilised in marketing research to identify specific attributes for search engines that ar e valued by Chinese search consumers. This information can be deployed as inputs of idea conception stage, which is common to sequential, overlapping, and high-tech models, to enhance utility levels of new products in the market. Weaknesses Due to declining competitive advantage in the Chinese market, the company may encounter challenges while trying to place its new products successfully in the Chinese market. This possibility is a significant weakness upon considering that it has a low presence in the social media advertising. New media advertising constitutes one of the growing ways of communicating a product to consumers (Kotler, Adam, Denise, Armstrong, 2009). The company has no capacity to solicit for relaxation of Chinese laws and regulations on search engines. These inabilities create uncertainty on whether the nation will enact new laws that can create a non-conducive political climate for success of new products that are developed consistently with the provisions of the c urrent laws. Recommendations In a market where the existing products of an organisation perform poorly, introduction of new products becomes the only option to re-energise its operations. Developing a new product begins with the identification of an appropriate NPD model. Google Company approaches NPD from the context of examining ideas from its people. It prioritises the top most100 ideas, utilises agile approaches, promotes visibility, and/or pays attention to usability of its products. This approach fails to incorporate regulations such as censorship. The model generally applies in nations that have higher levels of freedom for expression and sharing of information. Thus, it is recommended for the company to incorporate this consideration while at the same time deploying either high-tech or overlapping NPD approaches in the Chinese market. Conclusion Organisational products undergo different phases, namely the development phase, the preamble stage, rapid growth stage, maturation, and decline phase. At the decline phase, re-engineering or developing new products is important to prevent a total collapse of the organisation in a given market. Google China recognises the importance of developing a new product that will renew its fortunes in the Chinese market. NPD starts with identifying an appropriate model. The paper has discussed three NPD models together with their applicability at Google China. Reflection Any organisation that seeks to gain a competitive advantage in a market that is characterised by competition and statutory regulations must not only focus on compliance, but also look for products that meet consumer needs better than the competitor products. Through this assignment, I have learnt that introducing organisations’ operation in a new market requires the development or modification of products to meet specific needs of the market. The objective of any organisation is to deliver value to its owners. This value is normally expressed in te rms of the returns on investments. Organisations face the pressure of delivering value to not only to the owners, but also to other stakeholders who have stakes in the performance of the firm (Cooper Edgett, 2010). This goal cannot be achieved without high-performing products in the market since sales act as the main way of generating income in a profit-making organisation. By studying the case of Google China’s struggles in establishing itself in the Chinese search market, I have leant that total assessment and analysis of the organisational operation environment is important in avoiding failures in placing products in the new marketplace. Through the assignment, it is evident that the rules of new product development change with the changing external forces as an organisation ventures into different markets. This situation has altered my perception of new product development process as encompassing a holistic approach, which can be applied within any organisation with succ ess. Initially, I viewed product development as a process that constitutes all steps that are necessary for ensuring that a new product satisfies the needs of the target market in terms of usability. However, it is now clear that although a product may be highly usable, a regulatory force can prevent its consumption in the market. Google Company has been successful in the global search market. Many organisations, especially software and networking applications companies, have benchmarked their NPD processes with those of Google. I believe Google Company is one of the global organisations whose products have received positive reception in all markets. However, through the assignment, it is clear that no single company’s NPD strategies can lead to the creation of new successful products in all markets. Thus, although benchmarking is essential, it is important for an organisation to approach new markets in an open-minded manner. This case ensures that the input for idea concepti on, analysis, and testing only depends on the anticipated environmental variables, but not on other variables that apply in another market segment. This assignment has provided a learning opportunity on how product development process occurs in real-life. It is not a straightforward approach, but an approach that requires many iterations and examination of probable products through several algorithms to enhance their positive reception in the market. For instance, through the interviews, potential customers of Google products in China unanimously agreed that if Google searches do not return DNS errors, which occur because of blocking of some sites due to censorship of the products to comply with China’s regulations, they could consume them. In this extent, focusing on a particular organisation has provided an opportunity to appreciate how a particular context in which an organisation influences its NPD conducts. Reference List Carsten, P. (2013). Microsoft Blocks Censorship o f Skype in China: Advocacy Group. Retrieved from www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/microsoft-blocks-censorship-skype-china-advocacy-group-f2D11664965 Cooper, G., Edgett, E. (2010). Developing a product innovation and technology strategy for your business. Research Technology Management, 53(3), 33-40. Hansen, M., Birkinshaw, J. (2007). The Innovation, Value Chain. Harvard Business Review, 85(6), 87-98. Kim, J., Wilemon, D. (2007). Sources and Assessment of Complexity in NPD Projects. RD Management, 33(1), 16-30. Kotler, P., Adam, S., Denise, S., Armstrong. (2009). Principles of Marketing. Australia: Prentice Hall. Rugman, M., D’Cruz, R. (1993). The double diamond model of international competitiveness: Canada’s experience. Management International Review, 33(2), 17–39. Smith, P., Reinertsen, D. (1998). Developing Products in Half the Time. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Ulrich, K., Eppinger, S. (2004). Product Design and Development. New York, NY: McGraw-H ill. ZemlickienÄâ€", V. (2011). Analysis of High-Technology Product Development Models. Intellectual Economics, 5(2), 283-297. Appendices Appendix 1: Interview questions Are you an employee or potential customer of Google China? Employee customer/potential customer If you are an employee, what is your experience with Google China? Always occupied in troubleshooting networks and directing customer traffic Hardly occupied in troubleshooting networks and directing customer traffic If you are customer/potential customer, have you ever used Google China search products Yes No If your response to question 3 is No, why? Highly censored Always returns DNS error If your response to 4 is b, can you consider using the products if Google China search products do not return DNS error or when censorship is limited? Yes No Appendix 2: Interview Reponses Question Response a b 1 4 16 2 0 4 3 3 13 4 5 8 5 8 This report on New Product Development (NDP) was written and submitted by user Camren D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.